Article Review Neil Postmans Virtual Students, Digital Classroom

Article Review Neil Postmans Virtual Students, Digital Classroom Neil Postman begins his article by highlighting the god status that people have given new technology and in particular computers. The article shows how this new technology gives access to so much information. For this reason, some proponents of technology suggest that in a few decades, classrooms may be rendered redundant. A world where children are motivated to learn by virtue of technology making information accessible to them is envisioned. Postman goes on to decry this vision as being overly confident and unrealistic since it envisions model students who are inherently motivated to learn at all times and just need new technology to enable them satisfy this quest. The article also addresses the role that new technology plays and the changes that it will bring about. Postman notes that instead of focusing on how to use new technology, we should focus on how computers use us and the effects (adverse and positive) that it will bring to society. The question of technology being seen as the solution to every problem that exists in school is also addressed with Postman illustrating that problems that cannot be solved without computers can neither be solved with them. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Article Review: Neil Postmans Virtual Students, Digital Classroom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article shows that Problems such as inequality, poverty and alienation which some claim will be addressed through technology can only be responded to through traditional classrooms and not new technology which may in fact only lead to their prevalence. The article concludes by stating that educational institutes will only be rendered irrelevant when technology that can make civilized people is come up with. Until then, the traditional classroom with all its shortcomings remains the best place to teach students how to be civilized individuals who will be integrated into the society. Postman makes a strong case for the role of community-building and social reform that schools play in our community. According to him, this are attributes that computers which lay emphasis on the individuals role cannot fulfill since machines lead to the creation of people who lack a sense of civility or community since this two attributes can only be learnt in the traditional class setting. Postmans critique of technology is mainly directed at its implementation to younger children. According to him, these children attend school for more than just the information on algebra and science that schools provide. Children get to learn how to function in harmony with the society through the education process. This is something that cannot be learnt through any technological implementation as enthusiasts of technology seem to suggest. An interesting proposition by Postman is that the role of schools is to help students learn how to ignore and discard information. This is a concept that I find particula rly contentious since schools are essentially institutes for gaining knowledge and information. Postmans statement assumes that people go to school with an information overflow and the major role of the school is therefore to help them shape this information. Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I find this proposition by Postman at best contentious since most people go to school with limited information and it is only through the education process that they gain immense information and knowledge. While Postman does not negate the important role that technology will play in our education systems, he emphasizes that technology will not solve problems such as boredom in students or even psychological issues as some proponents of technology suggest.

Los 6 puntos bsicos de las visas J-1 de intercambio

Los 6 puntos bsicos de las visas J-1 de intercambio Cada mes hay una media de 170,000 extranjeros disfrutando de una visa J-1 de intercambio en los Estados Unidos. Si se tiene una, es muy importante conocer las reglas fundamentales. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre los programas amparados bajo el nombre J-1, explicacià ³n de fecha mxima para permanecer legalmente en el paà ­s y periodo de gracia, quà © es la regla de la obligacià ³n de dos aà ±os fuera, cà ³mo saber si aplica al caso de cada uno y, en el caso de los mà ©dicos, cules son los caminos para pedir una waiver, tambià ©n conocido como perdà ³n o permiso.   Para qu es la visa J-1 de intercambio Para facilitar que personas extranjeras ingreses a Estados Unidos a participar en diversos programas de intercambio educacional o cultural. Los Programas de la visa J-1 Son muy diversos entre sà ­ y con condiciones comunes pero tambià ©n à ºnicas a cada programa. Au-pair o nià ±eraEstudiante universitario, dentro de un programa encaminado a completar los estudios universitarios que realiza en su paà ­s de origenStaff  de campamento de verano Visitante invitado por el gobierno federal, uno de los estados o municipales o una de sus agenciasPrcticas para profesionales en Estados UnidosProgramas de entrenamiento para profesionales, como este para ONGs en EEUU. Mà ©dicos para realizar estudios o prcticasProfesores universitarios o investigadores a medio plazo (Visas H-1B y en algunos casos la visa O son tambià ©n una opcià ³n).Profesores universitarios o investigadores por un periodo corto de tiempo, por ejemplo, una conferencia, una demostracià ³n, etc.Estudiantes de secundaria para cursar sus estudios en una institucià ³n pà ºblica o privada. Para estos estudiantes, hay otras opciones de visa.Especialistas en un rea concreta de conocimientoTrabajar y viajar en verano para universitariosMaestros (los maestros tambià ©n pueden obtener u na visa H-1B) Cul es el primer paso para obtener una visa J-1 Tener un patrocinador (sponsor). Sà ³lo pueden patrocinar una J-1 una institucià ³n pà ºblica o privada que haya sido designada especà ­ficamente por el gobierno americano. Por ejemplo, aquà ­ est la de patrocinadores de maestros y aquà ­ una lista completa para otros programas. Si el sponsor decide patrocinar enviar al patrocinado extranjero un documento que se conoce como DS-2019. Si este documento no se puede pedir la visa. Solicitud de la visa A partir de ahà ­ ya se puede solicitar la J-1 completando en là ­nea el documento DS-160 pagando la tarifa correspondienteaportando los documentos especà ­ficos que se piden para cada programa y segà ºn el lugar desde donde se aplica (seguir las instrucciones del DS-160)asimismo, aportar las fotos y huellas digitales siguiendo las pautas del consulado desde donde se aplica.  acudir al consulado con toda la documentacià ³n y los resguardos de haber pagado haber aplicado el dà ­a y la hora seà ±alado. Seguir en este punto las instrucciones concretas para cada oficina consular Se puede llevar a Estados Unidos a los familiares mientras se desarrolla el programa de intercambio? En la mayorà ­a de los casos es posible solicitar una visa J-2 para los esposos/as   y para los dependientes (hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os). Sin embargo, algunos programas no contemplan esta posibilidad son: au pairmonitor de campamento de veranoestudiante de secundariay programa de trabajar y viajar en verano El procedimiento para obtener la visa J-2 es igual que al de la J-1. Primero hay que obtener el OK del patrocinador y este debe dar el DS-2019 para cada dependiente. Y sà ³lo despuà ©s se solicita la visa per se. En la mayorà ­a de los casos los cà ³nyuges que son titulares de una J-2 pueden trabajar en Estados Unidos, para ello deben solicitar un permiso de trabajo despuà ©s de ingresar al paà ­s.  En cuanto a la validez de sus visas, dejarn de serlo cuando la J-1 de la que dependen no sea vlida Obligacin de salir del pas al completar el programa J-1 y no regresar por dos aos Algunos programas estn sujetos a este mandato cuando la participacià ³n en el programa recibe fondos del gobierno del paà ­s del patrocinado o de los Estados Unidoscuando se trata de mà ©dicoscuando se posee unos conocimientos o habilidades calificados como necesarios por parte del paà ­s al que pertenece la persona que disfruta de la visa J-1. En estos casos ha que salir de Estados Unidos por dos aà ±os, aunque se puede viajar como turista. Sin embargo no se puede obtener una visa de trabajo tipo L, H o ni una tarjeta de residencia ya que no es posible obtener ni una visa de inmigrante ni un ajuste de estatus. Tampoco es posible sacar la visa K-1 para prometidos de ciudadanos americanos. Los à ºnicos transfer de visa posibles son por una G, para organizaciones internacionales, una A, para diplomticos o la visa U para ciertos casos de và ­ctimas de violencia. Es cierto que se puede solicitar una waiver para que esta prohibicià ³n no aplique, pero no es fcil obtenerla, por lo que es altamente recomendable asesorarse con un abogado migratorio. Cmo saber si se est sujeto a la regla de los dos aos Se puede verificar en la esquina inferior izquierda del documento DS-2019, aunque es posible que està © en blanco.   En todo caso, la visa J-1 sà ­ que menciona explà ­citamente si se est sujeto a esta regla de tener que salir de los Estados Unidos por dos aà ±os y es que eso aplica a las personas cuyas visas tengan las palabras: Visa Bearer is suject to the 212 (E) Two year residency rule does apply.   Waivers para mdicos Los mà ©dicos con una J-1, en teorà ­a, deberà ­an cumplir con la regla de los dos aà ±os de residencia fuera de Estados Unidos. Pero como es una profesià ³n en gran demanda, principalmente en ciertas zonas del paà ­s, se admiten varios caminos para pedir una waiver: Programa Conrad-30, que permite solicitar a cada uno de los 50 estados un total de 30 waivers.Programa HPSA, gestionado por el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos. Programa ARC, gestionado por la Comisià ³n Regional de la Apalachiay el Programa Delta, presente en lo estados de Alabama, Arkansas, Illionois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri y Tennessee. Entradas y salidas con la visa J-1 Para evitar tener la visa cancelada o que impidan el ingreso a los Estados Unidos es muy importante conocer cundo se puede ingresar al paà ­s, cunto se debe salir y cul es el periodo de gracia. Quedarse ms tiempo del permitido tiene como consecuencia la cancelacià ³n de la visa y, a partir de los 180 dà ­as de estancia ilegal la situacià ³n se puede complicar por aplicacià ³n del castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os.   Informacin adicional Si la visa J-1 no es la adecuada para un posible visitante a los Estados Unidos, un buen lugar por donde comenzar a informarse es conocer todas las visas no inmigrante con las que se puede ingresar al paà ­s. En algunos casos, los titulares de una visa J-1 pueden traer a sus familiares con una visa J-2. En el caso de nià ±os en primaria o secundaria es muy recomendable familiarizarse con el sistema educativo de los Estados Unidos antes de llegar al paà ­s.   Este artà ­culo no es informacià ³n legal para ningà ºn caso en concreto. Es sà ³lo informacià ³n general.

Coca cola amatil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Coca cola amatil - Essay Example Therefore, with the new structure, decision making and other management issues the take the form of decentralization. The structure is presented in the chart below: Communication at Coca Cola Amatil takes a top down approach, which involves issuance of information in a hierarchical structure. In this structure, the highest-ranking officials issue commands, which are then transferred through the hierarchy and the managerial structure to the people on the downer level. Information is mostly transferred through board meetings that bring together executives from various departments. These executives then pass on the message of communication to the people under their departments. This can happen through supervisors or directly through departmental meetings. Top-down approach ensures that the employees are informed always of the happenings in the organization. The following is chart demonstrating the top-down

Biotanicals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biotanicals - Essay Example Along with their continued use as a spice, many are processed for sale as dietary and medicinal supplements. Two of these spices, garlic and turmeric, have been used by healers for centuries and their use continues today as science confirms and unlocks the mysteries behind their healing powers. Garlic and turmeric have both received increased attention in recent years as science has studied their healing properties. They are interesting healing agents as they have been used for over two thousand years in Chins, India, and throughout Asia. In addition, recent scientific studies have confirmed the positive effects of garlic and turmeric, while demonstrating the underlying mechanisms by which they work. They are also of a culinary importance and are common spices that are found in many home kitchens today. With a basic understanding of their qualities and the associated health benefits, garlic and turmeric can be incorporated in just about anyones diet. Garlic, a pungent bulb, is a spice often associated with Italian cooking, but its value goes beyond its pleasant flavor. It has been used by the ancient Egyptians and has been known by just about every civilization as a curing and healing agent (Rivlin 713S). According to Amagase, "It prevents cold and flu symptoms through immune enhancement and exhibits anticancer and chemopreventive activities" (716S-717S). It is theorized that garlic fortifies the immune system by reducing free radicals or diminishing the negative impact that they have on the body. (Amagase 722S). However, it should be noted that the health benefits of garlic typically require a long term supplemental use, and is considered preventative rather than therapeutic (Amagase 721S). Garlics health benefits to the immune system are best acquired through the regular consumption of garlic or its derivatives. Garlic not only enhances the immune system, but recent studies have indicated

Building an Innovation Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Building an Innovation Strategy - Assignment Example This theory clearly states that there are stages of adoption of innovation, which starts with awareness, followed by interest, evaluation, trial, and finally adoption (Rogers, 2010). Rogers also suggested that there are factors affecting diffusion of innovation. These include innovativeness, risk-taking and age, resistance to change, innovative attitudes and values (Rogers, 2010). In other words, innovation cannot easily be gained, because it is affected by some individual or personal characteristics (Rogers, 2010). If personal characteristics are directed towards the same goal that will lead to the successful implementation of innovation, then at some point, Rogers’ idea will guarantee us of the achievement of innovativeness linked to risk-taking behavior and age, and the level of resistance to change, and innovative attitudes and values. In reality, the level of innovativeness of every individual varies. There are individuals who are earlier in adopting an innovation compare d to the other members within the entire social systems. Based on the idea of Rogers, this variation will be a remarkable barrier to successful implementation of innovation, because not everyone will have to hold on to the same level of innovativeness. Innovativeness simply is about opportunity at some point or to which it is being presented first. However, not all individuals have the same level of risk-taking behaviors and even age. According to Roger, this factor will have to matter because older managers are less likely to take risks as empirically observed. Even people are also hesitant to accept transition, such as acceptance of new technology as the effect. This is a remarkable manifestation of the individual’s nature to resist change. Finally, there are situations that influenced people attitudes or values because of certain situations. According to Rogers, these are remarkable factors that will influence the level of innovation that will take place in an organization . However, contrary to the idea of Rogers, Joseph Schumpeter argued that innovation can be seen as â€Å"creative destruction† waves allowing it to restructure the entire market for the advantage of those who are able to grasp discontinuities faster (McCraw, 2009). In other words, this theory establishes the point that capitalists have continued enhancement of the existing structure, by administering it, but this can only possibly bring the idea of the cycle between creation and destruction. There is therefore a cycle of things concerning innovation if one will take into account the idea of Schumpeter. This may therefore place some certain firms in â€Å"Open Innovation† by which there is a dominant element of becoming flexible in the use of several business models (Hafkesbrink, Hoppe and Schlichter, 2010). The above concepts and theories closely illustrate the success factors for people and innovation. Next to this point is concerning the organisation design models th at drive innovation. Any effective organizational design models that exist at present are good at aligning business strategies and objectives to guarantee that resources are efficiently

Spelling Errors With Grade Nine Students English Language Essay

Spelling Errors With Grade Nine Students English Language Essay The main goal of this study was to go beyond the general awareness that spelling is a problem for Grade 9 at Abdel Rahman Aldhakhel School students. Its purpose is to identify more specifically the kinds of spelling difficulties they have. In addition, the purpose of the study was to determine the most common types of spelling errors made by those students who were in the ninth grades. In addition, the purpose of the study is to determine the main difficulties that face students in spelling. Also, It attempted to determine the causes of the spelling errors with those students and how could we solve them. This study was limited to data obtained from a spelling test given to students in Abdel- Rahman Aldakhel School C2. There were 45 ninth grade students. They were all male students. Their ages were between 15 to 17 years old. The data were collected from questionnaires given to different teachers. They were six males and four females. The result was that most students committed at least one error in this test. The types of errors committed by the largest number of learners were omission, insertions, and substitution. Also, the most type of difficulty for students was silent letters. It was a problem for 38 students of 45 (84.4%). Also, way of writing sound /z/ and ways of writing sound /s/ were a problem for them. Most of teachers agreed that the spelling errors might affect the students learning process. The researcher tried to find the best strategies that teachers and parents can follow to improve their childrens spelling. Also, He mentioned the best activities that teachers can use in classes to reduce spelling errors with those learners. Also, the researcher focused on spelling errors in order to find out the common spelling errors and the best strategies to overcome them. Introduction English as a second language is an easy language to start learning, because it is related to our language Arabic. That means English and Arabic share some elements. Sometimes the same word (how to say it) like Alcohol. However, you will face some difficulties when you learn it. English is different from Arabic in the way of writing the letters and the way of pronouncing. Many students make more mistakes in spelling. That maybe because the spelling of word may not show the exact pronunciation (way of saying) of it. This is because English words come from many different sources. In addition, sometimes the word is too long to keep it or it is similar to another word. Therefore, that, some students mix them. Spelling errors are the most common type of mistake in the written work of English learners. Spelling is a particular problem because of the differences in the writing systems of Arabic and English. In addition, it is because in English the relationship between sounds and writing are not regular. The researcher focused on spelling errors in order to find out the common spelling errors and the best strategies to overcome them. Statement of the problem The students in grade nine at Abdel Rahman Aldakhel School face difficulty in spelling. They make many mistakes in their writings. They committed many mistakes in their exams and in their homework therefore that will affect their learning process. When they write a paragraph or an essay, they feel worry of those spelling mistakes. So, the researcher did this research to find the best ways to overcome those spelling errors and to know the best strategies that teachers and parents can follow to reduce spelling errors with those learners. Significant This research is very important for many reasons. First, it will determine the different types of spelling errors. Also, it will determine the different kinds of errors. Third, it will help both students and teachers to overcome those spelling errors in the future. In addition, it will help the teacher to choose the best ways to teach spelling for students. Term of Definitions 1- Transfer refers to the effect of native language on the learning of second language. 2- Overgeneralization is common process in native language and second language in which the students extend the use of a grammatical rule of linguistic item beyond its accepted uses. 3- A communication strategy means to express meanings using the words and grammar. Addition is the addition of unnecessary letters to a word. 2- Omission is the omission of a letter or letters from a word. 3- Substitution is the substitution of a letter or letters for the correct letters. 4- Inversion is the arranging of the correct letters in the wrong order in a word. 5- Miscellaneous is spelling which in no way resemble the word. Review of literature Spelling defined as the learners ability to write words correctly from memory. Effective writing depends on effective spelling. Understanding learners spelling difficulties can help teachers support the development of learners writing. Good spelling is a goal to the students in his writing. The student who cannot spell has a very difficult time in converting his ideas to others. His thoughts are broken by inability to spell words. The misspelled words will take the mind of the reader away from the meaning of the message. So, spelling is necessary for communication. Errors made by second language learners are classified into two groups, interlingual and interlingual errors. First, Interlingual errors are those that result from language transfer and caused by the learners native language. Some researchers hypothesized that errors in the second language are caused by the interference of the students native language. Such errors reflect the students inability to separate native language and second language. Other researchers pointed out that students errors in second language are caused by several things. These include transfer, overgeneralization and communication strategies. Transfer refers to the effect of native language on the learning of second language. In transfer, some patterns are borrowed from native language. In Overgeneralization, patterns may be extended from second language by analogy. Overgeneralization is common process in native language and second language in which the students extend the use of a grammatical rule of linguistic i tem beyond its accepted uses, generally by making words or structures follow a more regular pattern. A communication strategy means to express meanings using the words and grammar, which are already known. Intralingual errors are those, which result from faulty learning of second language, rather than from language transfer. Phenix (2001) believes that spelling difficulties with learners can be divided into two groups. First, linguistic, which are related to the nature of the language. Second, personal, which are related to the different stages of development learners go through. Phenix (2001) describes these stages as follows: First, pre-phonetic, learners use a mixture of pictures, signs, shapes and letters. Second, semi-phonetic, learners use letter names to represent the sounds. Third, phonetic stage, learners use known sounds to write words and they become aware of word boundaries and leave spaces between words. Fourth, visual learners use most letters correctly, if not in the right order; they use vowels in every syllable. Fifth, mature which means that learners use a full range of strategies to spell words and they are able to make analogies from known spelling patterns; they are able to recognize incorrect spellings. There are many studies done on spelling errors and the different kinds of errors and different types of difficulties. Snowball did a study on spelling errors and the main kinds of spelling errors. She listed six different kinds of spelling errors. She said that it is not enough to know that the students have misspelled words but she finds it useful to analyze the different types of error students are making and then provide relevance teaching based on that knowledge. She listed some common types of spelling errors based on his study and the best strategies to help them overcome them. The First kind is spelling by sound only like photo, foto. The second kind is not hearing sounds in words like, library, library. Third, confusing about homophones like tow, too, to. Fourth, shaky grasp of suffix and prefix rules like stopt, stopped. Fifth, lack of attention to the order of letters in words like, brid, bird. Finally, knowing to spell, but not to caring like, for some students, the proble m is not a lack of spelling skill but confusion about the importance of spelling correctly. Teachers should be careful when dealing with those kinds of errors. She listed some strategies that teachers can follow for overall correction. First, teachers should ask them what ideas they are using when they spell. Then, he should use their answers as a starting point to clear up confusion. Second, when analyzing or correcting spelling mistakes, they should keep in mind the appropriate expectations for the age and experience of the writer. Third, they should be sure to point out the many good strategies that they observe in students spelling. Then, they should encourage their students by using phrases like these, I like the way you try unknown words, I see that you know how to spell many high-frequency words, I see that you are learning how to use common spelling patterns and I notice that you care about your audience and so you have proofread your writing. (Snowball, 1997) There are four types of spelling errors that learners of English commonly make. These are omissions and it means leaving letters out, substitutions, which means replacing letters with incorrect ones, transpositions, which means reversing the position of letters, and additions /insertion, which means including extra letters.( clements, 1971) It is very important to teach students the best strategies to learn words and to check spelling of words they have written. Teachers and parents are alike need to incorporate teaching strategies for learning words and strategies for teaching spelling into all curricula. Sarah Malburg (2009) mentioned some strategies that can parents do to improve their children spelling as the following: Parents can help in teaching spelling to their children. They should sit with their children at home for a fixed amount of time in order to teach or learn spellings of words. In addition, they can put the common words on different items at home. Children will look at the word daily and they will try to establish the relationship of words and their use in daily life. In addition, they can use hide and seek technique for teaching word spellings to their children. They can make the child look at the word, say the word, hide the word with one hand behind the back, then have them write and say the word and then check it. Parents can close the eyes of their children with their hands; tell them to visualize a picture of the word in their heads. They can tell the child to trace the letters in the air with eyes closed. Then, they tell the child to open their eyes and write t he word on the paper. In addition, they can tell the child to check the spelling with the word in the book. They also can teach children about group words. Parents should encourage children to make associations of words with similar patterns e.g. other, brother, mother etc. There are some strategies that can teachers do to improve their students spelling as the following. The teacher should teach spelling strategies in the classroom. While teaching, the teacher should say the word slowly and students should listen carefully. Then he should write the word clearly, syllable-by-syllable on the blackboard. Then, he should write the similar sounding words on the blackboard e.g. bead, dead, read, bread etc. The teacher should teach students about listening to the order of sounds in a word. In addition, he should teach students about the derivations of different words from the base word e.g. sign, signal, resign etc. this will help children in the formation of new words by adding prefixes and suffixes. Teacher should teach dictionary skills to his students. He should explain alphabetical order and use different word endings under the base word e.g. bank, banking etc. Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   ØلكØ ªÃƒËœÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ There are six common ways that can teacher follow in teaching spelling for learners and they are called Six Research- Based Techniques. First, careful word selection, you cannot pain a picture without the pain, and you cannot teach spelling without words. So, teachers should be careful when choosing words and they should agree that the words are suitable for their students. Second, using a pretest-study-posttest format, administrating a pretest is an efficient way to individualize spelling. In the pretest, each writer in classroom quickly and easily demonstrates whether or not he or she knows the words or patterns in the weeks unit of study. Third, use a self-correction technique, follow self-correction technique like, Find a partner and take the test, ask your partner to read your words and tell you if there are any words he does not know (how to say). Then, say the words for him, write the word on a piece of paper. when you complete your list, witch roles Fourth, teach children How to study unknown words. A system technique for learning the correct spelling of words is by using a combination of auditory, visual, kinesthetic and tactile procedures. You have to follow look, say, write technique. Fifth, use spelling Games: using games in teaching students is a useful way because to attract the students attention. Many students like games and it will be an affective way to teach them by using games. Sixth is word sorting like, using pocket chart. Methodology In order to know the common spelling errors and their causes, the researcher chooses spelling errors as a topic of my research. Then, he started to collect the information from different sources. First, he observed his classes (Grade 9/4 and 9/1) at Abdel-Rahman Al-Dakhel School. The participants were 45 boys. The learners were aged 15-17. The boys were in two classes of 23 and 22. He observed the students while they were writing in class, their writing in the exams and he found some spelling mistakes. In addition, he took four workbooks. Then, he searched about the spelling errors in their writing in their workbooks. Next, he analyzed the results. I searched in the internet about some information that helped me in analyzing the results. In addition, I interviewed some teachers at Abdel-Rahman Al-Dakhel School. I asked them about the common spelling errors and the reasons that make students spell wrong. Finally, I wrote the report. Data were collected through spelling tests administered to these learners. Also, data were collected through interviewing some English teachers. I choose 10 words. The learners in each class were given a copy of their ten words to study the day before the test. This figure shows that most of the teachers agree with that spelling errors may affect students learning process. In addition, some of them said that they agree with that spelling errors affect students learning. Some teachers dont agree with this point. They said that it does not affect students learning. This figure shows that some teachers were agree with that reading stories or books help students to limit spelling errors. However, some of them were not agree at all with this point. They said that students cannot limit spelling errors by reading stories and books only. They have to follow a plan to solve this problem and there are some steps they can follow to reduce spelling errors. This figure shows that all the teacher were agree with that teaching way plays a major role to improve students spelling. So, the teachers should focus more in their teaching ways to reduce spelling errors with students or to improve spelling with those students. This figure shows that most teachers were agree with this point. They said that improving students spelling helps them to improve their language. Most teachers arguer with this point and they said that it is not enough to teach them the phonetics to reduce spelling errors or to improve their spelling. There are some ways that they have to follow to improve their spelling. Most students committed at least one error in this test. The types of errors committed by the largest number of learners were omission, insertions, and substitution, while errors of transposition were present in the work of smaller proportions of learners. Some students did well in the test and they were seven students. Substitution was the most types of errors that students fell in with 84.4%. In addition, Omission was one of the most types of errors with 84.4%. Some students committed two mistakes in one word, (omission and substitution), like bul instead of pull. So, as the researches approved that substitution and omission are the most common type of errors that Arab learners make. This figure shows that the most type of difficulty for students was silent letters. It was a problem for 38 students of 45 (84.4%). Most of them wrote nock instead of knock because they spell words by sounds only. In addition, way of writing sound /z/ and ways of writing sound /s/ were a big problem for them. Some students wrote z instead of s like noz. There are other mistakes done by those students like writing b instead of p and that problem because they are not hearing sounds in words. The number of the students who did not make any errors and they did not have difficulties were 15.5% only. Discussion: Through these tables, the researcher noticed that the students faces difficulty in spelling and that of course will affect the learning process. He tried to know the reasons and how can a teacher help students to solve their problems. He think that the reasons are first, the way of teaching because most teachers dont care about spelling and they care only about speaking, so the students can read the word but they cant spell it. The second reason that some students when they learn any new word, they do not try to spell it and they dont practice to write or use it. The third reason is that most students dont read English magazines, books or newspapers which are important to know the words and the spelling of them. The Fourth reason is that most students cant differentiate between the C and S, C and K. The fifth reason is that most students writes what they hear like writing Z instead of s. The last reason that most words in English have silent syllables like light, know, bought, listenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦act. Recommendations for students: Students should follow a plan to solve this problem. Students should use the unit list of words to study the words carefully. Students should read books and magazines. Students should practice writing the difficult words at home many times in order to remember the words correctly. Students should listen to the words carefully and try to differentiate between different sounds of letters. Students students Recommendations for teachers: Teachers should Recommendations for curriculum designers: CONCLUSION The research showed that some students faced problems in learning second language. They are facing problem in spelling more than verbal skills. The researcher showed the common spelling errors and how the teacher can solve them to improve students. In my opinion, there should be a special class that focuses on reading and writing for improving spelling skills. That will make the teachers care more about spelling. We recommend that Education College should provide teachers with training courses in developing strategies to improve spelling skills. In conclusion, learning language requires many inputs.

acters and actresses Essay -- essays research papers

Actors and Actress   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Actors and Actresses are some of the most driven, courageous people on the face of the earth. They deal with more day-to-day rejection in one year than most people do in a lifetime. Each day, actors/actress face the financial challenge of living a freelance lifestyle, the disrespect of people who think they should get 'real' jobs, and their own fear that they'll never work again. Every day they have to ignore the possibility that the vision to which they have dedicated their lives is a pipe dream. With every passing year, many of them watch as the other people their age achieve the predictable milestones of normal life-the car, the family, and the house. Though to become an actor or actress one must follow a certain guideline (an education) as any other career does.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin with, to become an actor or an actress a person must start with their education young. In High School a student should put their minds in the fields of Performing Arts in other words Drama (Crafton 32). There they would learn the basic terms and history of Acting. There are two clear avenues to turn to while becoming a professional actor. One is just as trivial and nearly futile as the other, but someone who truly wants to pursue the field will tolerate the hardships. The first path is, logically enough, is go to drama school. Formal training is not a must, but it helps if one wants to be a professional actor (Harrop 147). If you have studied the craft it gives you a leg up over anyone else looking for the same job. To enter a school solely for acting, not just the drama department of a larger university, SAT scores and high school record aren’t always looked at. For some drama schools, a complete high school education isn’t even needed. How ever, the more prestigious the school, the higher the standards are. If you were to try to get into the Performing Arts College at, say, Columbia University in New York, the requirements are much higher at the testing level. At any school, no matter Ivy League or community college, to enter the performing arts department one has to audition. In continuance, some drama students may sometimes require a singing audition as well as monologues. After all, the most popular form of stage drama is the musical. Naturally, entrance essays are needed as well as recommendation lette... ..., you must get a formal training at an acting school as well as staying involved with as many shows as possible building up your rà ©sumà ©. Being an Actor/Actress is a hard career to pursue and if pursued a lot of talent as well as patience is needed in order to accomplish. Although an education is not needed to be an actor or actress, you should never escape it. Education is an essential part of our lives and the world we live in and forever it always will remain important for whatever career you choose to enter including acting. Work Cited Crafton, Allen. Acting; a Book for the Beginner. New York: F. S.Crofts, 1928. Haase, Cathy. Acting for Film. New York: Allworth Press, 2003. Harrop, John. Acting. New York: Routledge, 1992. Occupational Outlook Handbook.21 Mar. 2004. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.27 Nov. 2004. â€Å"Oprah Winfrey Biography.† About Oprah. 2004. Harpo Productions. 18 Nov. 2004. â€Å"Oprah Winfrey Entertainment Executive.† Academy of Achievement, A Museum of Living History. 3 Mar. 2003. Academy of Achievement. 19 Nov. 2004. Moore, Dick. Opportunities in Acting Careers. Lincolnwood (Chicago), Ill: VGM Career Horizons, 1999.

Socio-Economic and Political Conditions in Sparta and Athens After 800 B.C.E.

Ancient Greece was in a pretty bad shape during the period from 1200 to 800 B. C. E, which is referred as the Dark Age of the Greece. Eventually, after 800 B. C. E, Greeks started expanding their empire from the Mediterranean towards east as far as the Black Sea, and towards west as far as the Atlantic Ocean. At this time, two prominent city- states named Athens and Sparta stood as two pillars in the Greek history. Although these two city -states are geographically close to each other in Greece, they were rivals and shared many differences.However, some of the social conditions were similar in these two city -states. During the Archaic age (800- 500 B. C. E. ), these two city- states progressed tremendously both politically and economically. Even though the Greeks came out of the Dark Age and were expanding with prosperity, they faced new problems with growing population, hunger, and land shortage. Moreover, their lands were not fertile to feed the needs of the growing population, an d there was turmoil everywhere because of the tyranny of the aristocrats.To improve their economical, social, and political conditions, the Athenians and the Spartans created new political systems, introduced important reforms and stood as the role models in the Greek political development. The Spartans responded to the economic crisis by conquering Messene, their rich neighbor, in 715 B. C. E so that they can add the rich region’s resources. Sparta is a city -state in the southern part of Greece which was under the control of aristocracy. In fact, Sparta’s asset was its powerful military, and it is the protector of Greece.Spartans oppressed the Messenian slaves after their revolt against the Spartans. In order to appease the non- nobles, who demanded equal rights, as they assisted the Spartans in the war, the aristocrats later, reformed the state system to â€Å"Lycurgan regimen. † According to this reform, all Spartans were given equal rights, and the state wa s ruled by two kings with the assistance from the nobles. Taking into consideration the economic situations in Sparta, the Messenian slaves called â€Å"Helots† did all the physical work while the men of Sparta devoted their lives for the military.Boys in their young age were forced into military training. Although family life was important to Spartans, their social life was compromised as men spent much of their lives in the military. So they established close relationships with other men in the military. The main aim of the Spartan men was to be trained as the best infantrymen and sacrifice their lives in the battle. Spartan women were good wives who devoted their lives in bearing children and had rights to own property.In the same way, Athenians implemented law of codes, reforms, and adopted democracy with the help of prominent and thoughtful aristocrats and ascended from the economic and political distress and oppression of the aristocrats. In the late sixth century B. C. E, Draco, an aristocrat, published the first law of code which asserts that law belonged to all citizens, Later, Solon, an aristocrat who became â€Å"archon,† a chief magistrate of Polis, reformed the prevailing social conditions by freeing the slaves, recalling exiles, and made enslavement for debt illegal.He thus introduced democratic ideals into their political system in response to the tyranny of the aristocrats and nobles on small farmers and landowners. Although Athens was under the aristocratic rule in the beginning, it later adopted the democratic form of government under the leadership of a prominent aristocrat named Cleisthenes. Undoubtedly, Athenians were the first to introduce democratic sovereign and legislation with a council (â€Å"Boule†) and an assembly of citizens (â€Å"Ecclesia†). They also developed their infrastructure, and â€Å"Acropolis† clearly reveals their love for architecture.Young boys were not forced into military and wer e given opportunity to excel in education, arts, and other talents. The Athenians enjoyed better social life than the Spartans, and family life was important. Like Spartan men, Athenian men maintained close relationships with other men. Women were confined to giving birth and raising children along with other household chores, and they were considered inferior to men. Unlike the Spartan women, they had less freedom. Even though Athenians adopted democracy, women and slaves have limited rights and were not granted citizenship. Ancient Greeks rose from their dark age in 800 B. C. E.  and started expanding their empire in the neighboring regions.With their progress several economic and social tensions appeared such as population growth, hunger, and food shortage. In response to this economic and social distress, the two city-states, Athens and Sparta, with their own distinctive social structure, developed into two significant political systems. Athenians emphasized not only on firm p olitical development, education, and culture but also on individual freedom and justice. Democracy and legislation with two presiding bodies were introduced into their political system and even the poor were allowed to vote in the election.On the contrary, Spartans focused on training their youth as soldiers and thus strengthened their military. With the military power they conquered their resourceful neighboring region, Messene, and later reformed their state system with two ruling kings and five noble overseers. Their reform system also presented equal rights to all Spartans. The above discussed political and social reforms were necessary for both the city-states at that time of chaos in order to survive. Even though they underwent many deadly conflicts, Athens and Sparta established themselves as prominent city-states in the political development of ancient Greek history. Socio-Economic and Political Conditions in Sparta and Athens After 800 B.C.E. Ancient Greece was in a pretty bad shape during the period from 1200 to 800 B. C. E, which is referred as the Dark Age of the Greece. Eventually, after 800 B. C. E, Greeks started expanding their empire from the Mediterranean towards east as far as the Black Sea, and towards west as far as the Atlantic Ocean. At this time, two prominent city- states named Athens and Sparta stood as two pillars in the Greek history. Although these two city -states are geographically close to each other in Greece, they were rivals and shared many differences.However, some of the social conditions were similar in these two city -states. During the Archaic age (800- 500 B. C. E. ), these two city- states progressed tremendously both politically and economically. Even though the Greeks came out of the Dark Age and were expanding with prosperity, they faced new problems with growing population, hunger, and land shortage. Moreover, their lands were not fertile to feed the needs of the growing population, an d there was turmoil everywhere because of the tyranny of the aristocrats.To improve their economical, social, and political conditions, the Athenians and the Spartans created new political systems, introduced important reforms and stood as the role models in the Greek political development. The Spartans responded to the economic crisis by conquering Messene, their rich neighbor, in 715 B. C. E so that they can add the rich region’s resources. Sparta is a city -state in the southern part of Greece which was under the control of aristocracy. In fact, Sparta’s asset was its powerful military, and it is the protector of Greece.Spartans oppressed the Messenian slaves after their revolt against the Spartans. In order to appease the non- nobles, who demanded equal rights, as they assisted the Spartans in the war, the aristocrats later, reformed the state system to â€Å"Lycurgan regimen. † According to this reform, all Spartans were given equal rights, and the state wa s ruled by two kings with the assistance from the nobles. Taking into consideration the economic situations in Sparta, the Messenian slaves called â€Å"Helots† did all the physical work while the men of Sparta devoted their lives for the military.Boys in their young age were forced into military training. Although family life was important to Spartans, their social life was compromised as men spent much of their lives in the military. So they established close relationships with other men in the military. The main aim of the Spartan men was to be trained as the best infantrymen and sacrifice their lives in the battle. Spartan women were good wives who devoted their lives in bearing children and had rights to own property.In the same way, Athenians implemented law of codes, reforms, and adopted democracy with the help of prominent and thoughtful aristocrats and ascended from the economic and political distress and oppression of the aristocrats. In the late sixth century B. C. E, Draco, an aristocrat, published the first law of code which asserts that law belonged to all citizens, Later, Solon, an aristocrat who became â€Å"archon,† a chief magistrate of Polis, reformed the prevailing social conditions by freeing the slaves, recalling exiles, and made enslavement for debt illegal.He thus introduced democratic ideals into their political system in response to the tyranny of the aristocrats and nobles on small farmers and landowners. Although Athens was under the aristocratic rule in the beginning, it later adopted the democratic form of government under the leadership of a prominent aristocrat named Cleisthenes. Undoubtedly, Athenians were the first to introduce democratic sovereign and legislation with a council (â€Å"Boule†) and an assembly of citizens (â€Å"Ecclesia†). They also developed their infrastructure, and â€Å"Acropolis† clearly reveals their love for architecture.Young boys were not forced into military and wer e given opportunity to excel in education, arts, and other talents. The Athenians enjoyed better social life than the Spartans, and family life was important. Like Spartan men, Athenian men maintained close relationships with other men. Women were confined to giving birth and raising children along with other household chores, and they were considered inferior to men. Unlike the Spartan women, they had less freedom. Even though Athenians adopted democracy, women and slaves have limited rights and were not granted citizenship.Ancient Greeks rose from their dark age in 800 B. C. E.  and started expanding their empire in the neighboring regions. With their progress several economic and social tensions appeared such as population growth, hunger, and food shortage. In response to this economic and social distress, the two city-states, Athens and Sparta, with their own distinctive social structure, developed into two significant political systems. Athenians emphasized not only on firm p olitical development, education, and culture but also on individual freedom and justice. Democracy and legislation with two presiding bodies were introduced into their political system and even the poor were allowed to vote in the election.On the contrary, Spartans focused on training their youth as soldiers and thus strengthened their military. With the military power they conquered their resourceful neighboring region, Messene, and later reformed their state system with two ruling kings and five noble overseers. Their reform system also presented equal rights to all Spartans. The above discussed political and social reforms were necessary for both the city-states at that time of chaos in order to survive. Even though they underwent many deadly conflicts, Athens and Sparta established themselves as prominent city-states in the political development of ancient Greek history.

Discrepancy vs. Disparity

Discrepancy vs. Disparity Discrepancy vs. Disparity Discrepancy vs. Disparity By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between discrepancy and disparity and other similar words beginning with the prefix dis-? The meanings are often the same or closely related, but some distinctions apply: Discrepancy, the noun form of the rarely used adjective discrepant, stems from the Latin term discrepare, which means â€Å"to sound discordantly.† A discrepancy is a variance from or disagreement with something, as in the discrepancy between inventory figures and actual stock, or between a statement on a certain issue and a record of a previous comment about the same topic. Disparity is a noun form of the adjective disparate. (Disparateness is its more unwieldy synonym.) The root of these words is the Latin term parare, which means â€Å"to prepare.† Although disparate means â€Å"different† or â€Å"distinct,† disparity has a more precise connotation, one of inequality. Meanwhile, a dissimilarity or dissimilitude (the root of these terms is the Latin word similis, the basis of same, similar, simulate, and resemblance) is a lack, respectively, of commonality and resemblance. Distinctness and distinctiveness (both, like distinguish, from the Latin word distinguere, meaning â€Å"to separate, to prick apart†) have similar rather than distinct meanings: Distinctness refers to notability, an unmistakable quality or phenomenon, or a separateness; distinctiveness, meanwhile, also refers to a markedly singular trait but may alternatively apply to a stylishness or other state that sets something apart. In an bygone era of unregulated spelling, discreet and discrete were originally alternate spellings for the word meaning â€Å"separate, distinct,† but the former form eventually took on a specialized sense, one of â€Å"careful, prudent.† The latter form is often erroneously used in place of the well-established variant spelling for that meaning. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?Does "Mr" Take a Period?One "L" or Two?

Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Essays

Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Essays Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Paper Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Paper Essay Topic: Poetry key themes the unobtainable/ideal/light and dark She Walks in Beauty published 1815, written to be set to music, supposedly about cousins wife, presence at a funeral- darkness does not detract from her beauty but accentuates it She walks in beauty: Structure, meter, significance 3 regular ABABAB sestets, iambic tetrameter, effortless as the recipients effortless grace and beauty significance of meter meter commonly found in hymns- associated with sincerity and simplicity- pure intentions She Walks in Beauty opens she walks in beauty, like the night/Of cloudless climes and starry skies;And all thats best of dark and bright/Meet in her aspect and her eyes Parallelism One shade the more, one ray the less,/Had half impaired the nameless grace/Which waves in every raven tress exterior expression are in line with her interior thoughts Where thoughts serenely sweet express

Developing an integrated Marketing Mix Plan for a new brand (TEA) Research Paper

Developing an integrated Marketing Mix Plan for a new brand (TEA) - Research Paper Example The firms fail to address the competitive forces by developing their marketing policies will minimize the competitors (William 56). The marketing policies adopted by the organizational leaders, they direct their firms towards gaining the competitive advantage in the value added tea industry are discussed in the research. Data is collected through interviews with founders of nine firms using an interview guide and use records at the UK Tea. The results produced that brand structure, position advertising, product discrimination, cost control, and customer center were the most important policies approved by the organization. Opening up new markets abroad, fair trade, ecological sustainability, and closer delivery were acknowledged as imperative policies that are distinguished compact from contenders and located them among the market influential. It was also discovered that the deliberate resolutions could be endorsed to vision of the leaders, menace taking, their eagerness and assurance . Identifying marketing policies depending on the firm’s competence and modernization, and is found fundamental for the cost added tea export industries to attain production realization as well as to make significant involvement to the United Kingdom market. Introduction The Tea Processing market research reports on that provides the key industry with the analysis and market statistics, measures the market size, analyzes the current and future industry trends and identifies to the industries the share for the largest markets. The IBIS World publishes the largest collection of the economic report so that an industry can have a supply chain, economic drivers and key buyers and sufficient markets for their products. Tea is distinctly the British beverage, and more than 60 billion mugs of tea are taken annually in the United Kingdom only. The Britons are noted as the world tea drinkers per each capita, it has over 1,200 diverse types of tea sold all over the country. Viewing it f rom the economic depression and dilapidated customer expenditure, the Tea processing industry has remained resilient, due to its staple and cheap nature. The majority of the of the tea that is consumed in the United Kingdom, is the black tea type, it is primarily made from a blend of East African and South Asian tea leaves. There is a low amount of tea that is grown in the United Kingdom; the industry is exposed to the volatilities including global sourcing, for example, weather, crop diseases, political unrests and other external factors (Allen 42). The consumption of tea mostly ranges at 88% at the household purchasing. The South East part has the highest proportion of tea drinkers at 94%. According to the geographical spread of the tea manufacturing industries follow the trends of population development and the disposable capita income. Considering the low cultivation of tea in the U.K, and the large multinational companies such as Tetley and Unilever, they occupy the dispensatio n, amalgamation, covering and distribution of tea, and they are located close to their major customers (Data monitor 78). The wholesale bypass keeps the industry on its toes, through the IBIS World’s coffee, tea, and spices. The wholesaling market investigation, report provides the latest industry statistics and trends, making it possible for consumers to recognize the products and customers during the revenue augmentation and effectiveness. The manufacturing statement identifies the principal corporation and offers premeditated manufacturing analysis for the key aspects that manipulate the market at large (Mersey 34). The Coffee, Tea and Spices industries has had a bitter and marvelous run, even

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Auditing - Essay Example The audit activity at Farhan Muscat SAOG Company revealed that due to the inappropriate keeping of financial records for the current financial year in Salalah stores (water seepage during heavy rains), it became impossible to make an audit, which a senior auditor was going to conduct. While the company staff was informed about the stick take for the certain period to be conducted in the most convenient time, their other duties, such as movement of goods production receiving and dispatch operations continued. Purchases and sales were not stopped and other daily operations were continuing. During the audit, there was revealed that the some stock items of the company were not sold throughout 2014. The storekeeper reported these goods were included in the regular stock and were also valued as regular stock. The adudit inspection observed manager was carrying out all-inclusive check of the low priced stock, however, the premium stock was not counted. The results from the audit revealed the paucity of time of company’s management led to the inability to gather the necessary information about the stock and make the stock sheets at other locations across the country. According to the audit group results, damaged, obsolete, slow-moving stock and non moving stock was valued at purchase price by the company. The manager was informed about such stock to make a little part of the entire stock and is valued at purchase price. As a rationale, since physical inventory cannot be protected from loss, the company could prevent a material misstatement of its financial statements. The material deficiency relates to misstatement of the financial statements, and the failure of such preventive control will not lead a significant deficiency. However, it prevents a misstatement of the financial statements. This circumstance had to be carefully considered before it was